Germany needs at least 700 TWh/a of renewable energy sources for a secure renewable energy supply. Green hydrogen is the only energy carrier that can be used to import this amount of energy economically and with security of supply. It is now necessary to develop a resilient import strategy for green hydrogen that takes into account an overall systemic approach between energy, industrial, economic and geopolitical policies.

Since mid 2021, PHINIA together with its partners DANGEL and CAILLAU has developed a complete vehicle conversion solution including injection system, engine adaption and hydrogen storage /supply that retains 90% of the vehicle’s original architecture. This solution could be applied as a conversion/retrofit kit for any existing vehicles enabling both their rapid decarbonization and ensuring to access to zero-emission zones.

The provision of hydrogen for mobility is key to the successful implementation of renewable energy. This presentation will outline the necessary steps to ensure fuel quality and its supply routes. Efficient refuelling of hydrogen vehicles can be realized based on metal hydrides capable of being used for storage, purification, as well as compressors. Furthermore, FCEVs can be used as a mobile CHP fleet to contribute to reverse power generation via sector integration.

MAN Energy Solutions is a market-leading provider of Power-to-X technologies. In this keynote, Luca Clausen will share insights about the involvement of MAN ES in the utilization of captured carbon dioxide and present different routes of defossilization from methane and methanol up to kerosene.

E-fuels are sustainable fuels made from green hydrogen and captured CO2 that are chemically equivalent to conventional fuels such as methanol, gasoline, diesel, or kerosene. This means they can be used in existing engines and infrastructure. Their applications are diverse including marine propulsion, aviation, cars, or any other engine-powered equipment used in forestry, agriculture, or construction. HIF Global is the world´s leading e-Fuels company, producing carbon-neutral gasoline in its Haru Oni Demonstration plant in southern Chile since December 2022. HIF Global plans a capital investment of approximately $50 billion to develop, build and operate plants around the world that will produce approximately 150,000 barrels of E-fuels per day, defossilizing more than 5 million vehicles.

This panel discussion will evaluate the future of eFuels in Europe, with contributions from representatives across the value chain discussing the necessary infrastructure, technology, and availability of renewable energy.

SwRI has organized a consortium of sixteen transportation industry leaders to construct a complete Class 8 vehicle for the North American market to prove out the zero CO2 and near-zero NOx emissions potential of hydrogen IC engines. The vehicle will be powered by a 15-liter spark ignited engine adapted to run on port injected hydrogen in combination with a mechanically driven turbocharger. This presentation will address the role of internal combustion engines in a decarbonized transportation landscape and will highlight some of the challenges and benefits of bringing hydrogen fueled engines to the market.

Hydrogen-fuelled internal combustion engines (ICE) offer a zero-carbon fuel option for many applications. Ricardo has developed single-cylinder and multi-cylinder heavy-duty hydrogen engines as part of a global effort to characterise and study the behaviour of hydrogen fuel in ICE applications. The engines are representative of a 13 litre Euro VI heavy-duty production application converted to run on hydrogen fuel with limited number of changes.

During this conference, we will explore the influence of powertrain (e.g. fuel cell or internal combustion engine) operating pressure on the usable capacity for sLH2 and CcH2 storage systems, under the assumption of a 6 bar or a 30 bar operation. It is shown that due to increasing H2 temperatures at low densities, a great amount of energy can be stored in the vessel’s wall which results in a lower maximum capacity uptake during subsequent direct refueling; hereby reducing the usable H2 amount for the vehicle. Relationships between state of charge prior to refueling and usable H2 capacities are given. It is shown that up to 50% more H2 uptake capacity can be achieved by reducing the minimum operating pressure in the cryogenic vessel from 30 to 6 bar.

This presentation will outline some of the practical, technical and legislative challenges associated with setting up in-house test facility. Sharing of a real-life journey from idea to actually using hydrogen in engine and fuel cell test facilities. What aspects were hard to deal with and what not to forget about in the process. Then we will look at what benefits does it add to company portfolio to have its own test capability? What data can be generated and how can these be used in simulation tools. Does availability of digital information help with product design? In this presentation we will share the results from our own hydrogen propulsion development.

While most investments are now focusing on bio-fuels due to perceived lower costs and opportunity to repurpose existing refinery capacities, e-fuels are key to reach meaningful volumes of sustainable fuels in the near future. ENGIE is therefore complementing its offering of biogas by developing a portfolio of e-fuel projects to reach COD in the second half of the decade. To be ready when quotas for sustainable fuels will start to bite, public pressure will spur vast demand, and bio feedstock scarcity will drive biofuel prices above e-fuel prices. Projects from ENGIE to produce e-fuels will be presented in more details, with focus on innovative designs to tackle regulatory and technology challenges, and how partnering improve their prospects.

In this presentation the benefits of decentralized and dispatchable power plants are explained for balancing the volatility of renewables or provide sustainable back-up power in case of a grid failure. The focus is on the roadmap to transfer from natural gas to renewable gas usage based on biomethane and hydrogen. Based on a dark doldrum example it is explained why a battery storage system is not suitable and a hydrogen based solution is much more feasible. We will present the most attractive hydrogen application using hydrogen to produce local power. We also explain how gas engine power plants can be designed today to support a smooth transition from natural gas to hydrogen. The presentation also explains the benefits of high efficiency CHP and how a flexible CHP solution can be designed to meet future demand as a complement to volatile renewables.

This panel will assess hydrogen internal combustion engines and fuel cells as complementary technologies, looking at how these technologies can be applied to support one another and achieve net-zero. Topics will include energy efficiencies, infrastructure and technology level readiness.

The presentation will give an overview about ECOMAT partners today's fields of competences in cryogenic Hydrogen technologies and its plan for the future. Coming from the space industry, ways of knowledge transfer to other industries will be shown. As a basic enabler for future H2 propulsion systems actual topics of material and process characterisation will be addressed. The speciality of Fire Safety testing for LH2 applications will be reported and the technical challenges for LH2 storage and distribution systems and subsystems will be summarized. The presentation will close with an outlook to the developments for mobility sector in the near future.

The presentation explores future supply and demand balance for Sustainable aviation fuels (SAFs) and other e-fuels across various countries and technologies, including next generation bio-fuels and e-fuels. A demand outlook for SAFs on regional and continental level is developed based on current jet fuel consumptions and future decarbonisation target. This demand is then compared to announced capacity for SAFs production from different production plants, across all technologies including next generation bio-fuels and Power-to-Liquid (PtL). The production capacity is also compared to short term demands coming from announced contracts from various airlines. The challenges in biofeedstock means PtL will have a key role in filling the gap to demand. Hence, PtL fundamentals will also be explored.

SAFs have the potential to revolutionise the aviation industry. This panel will address sever key factors, including a sustainable feedstock, appropriate storage and transportation and the evolving safety measures required to facilitate this. Finally, the panel will look at the cost and scalability of this industry.

As an organisation, you are planning to build a full size electrically propelled aircraft for your particular sector or application. How do you truly reconcile the many variable and complex aspects of the aircraft propulsion against the constraints of the flight profile and Airworthiness legislation? Many organisations fail to consider the full scope. This paper will look at the various electric aircraft types, and work through a number of scenarios, comparing various attributes, and showing how to make an informed decision.

The presentation reports about a R&D project started in January 2023 aiming at the development of an innovative technology to produce synthetic green methanol for shipping. The core of the project is the development of the technology and construction of a plant for synthetic ("green") methanol production (using green hydrogen and CO2 or biogenic origin at semi-industrial demonstration scale in Bremerhaven. The green methanol will be directly used to fuel the new built research vessel of the Alfred Wegener Institute, "Uthörn".

A university research ship, the only one of its kind in the UK, is set to reduce its emissions by up to 60% thanks to a pioneering £5.5 million hydrogen power initiative that could help re-shape the future of shipping. The Transship II project is the largest retrofit of its kind to-date and will see the Prince Madog retrofitted with a hydrogen electric hybrid propulsion system that will enable zero to low emission operation by 2025. The project is part of the Clean Maritime Demonstration Competition Round 3 (CMDC3), funded by the Department for Transport in partnership with Innovate UK. It will be delivered by a consortium of major UK innovators in green maritime technology and hydrogen systems, led by O.S Energy who own and operate a fleet of dedicated offshore service vessels. The new hydrogen propulsion system, which will work in conjunction with a diesel-fuelled main engine, will enable zero emission operation at slow speeds or over short distances - such as daily teaching trips with the students from the School of Ocean Sciences at Bangor University. In normal operation, the hybrid system and new novel propulsion design will reduce emissions by up to 60%.

This panel discussion will evaluate the maritime industry's transition to net-zero, looking to the latest innovations in the sector and the rising profile of alternative fuels and how they are being adopted across the sector.

The keynote presentation is aimed at highlighting the future market developments for E-Fuels in Europe. This encompasses long-term forecasts for off-taking and global production capacities. Within the presentation, we will address key risks associated with e-fuels and discuss strategies to enhance the bankability of mega-projects.

Q Power and P2X Solutions are on a journey to pave the way for large-scale e-fuel production with Finland’s first industrial-scale synthetic methane plant. The green transition has created a huge market potential for companies operating at the core of the hydrogen economy. However, despite the enormous market potential of the hydrogen economy, synthetic methane has struggled to reach the market due to incomplete EU regulations and inaccurate perceptions. Synthetic fuels have been criticized for being energy inefficient. This can be true or false depending on technology. Understanding how production efficiency affects renewable energy consumption is crucial. For instance, if the methanation technology process efficiency is 58% instead of 82%, this means the overall energy consumption is almost 30%. Efficiency has a particularly significant impact on the operating expenses of synthetic fuels because the cost of energy makes up a large portion of the price of the synthetic fuel produced. The Harjavalta e-methane plant will demonstrate the feasibility of large-scale e-fuel production using Q Power's efficient microbiological methanation process, making it a pioneer in the industry.