As liquid hydrogen plays an increasingly significant role in decarbonizing tomorrow’s industry and mobility, a smooth system integration strategy from production facilities to utilization is required. The presentation will give a brief overview of LH2 benefits and summarize the current state of the art. The demonstration of major milestones will include an introduction to liquefaction technology, distribution and storage equipment, as well as selected applications of LH2 for the mobility sector.

To ensure the transition of energy, electricity storage is crucial. Chemicals are therefore necessary to store and transport energy in great quantities. Hydrogen is a way to produce, store, transport and use energy in different ways. Hydrogen can be used both to produce electricity and to feed the industry. Thus, it connects electricity and chemicals. While the energy system is depending more and more on sustainable energies, hydrogen has a role to play in the production of clean electricity, being one of the leading options for long-term energy storage. It can overcome the subsequence and availability issues of renewable energies and bring the necessary flexibility so they can be part of the energetic mix. Hydrogen is a way to carry energy over long distances and to spread it across sectors and regions. Renewable energies will produce the most, it will then have to be stored, distributed and thus enhanced. With the costs of renewable energies dropping, hydrogen can therefore be seen as renewable energy's best friend and vice-versa. Accordingly, transport and storage costs will play a significant role in the competitiveness of hydrogen. Its value will now result from its availability as the share of MWh will become marginal.

Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd. considers the whole supply chain for hydrogen application and has developed different technologies for each link of the supply chain. The chain ranges from hydrogen production, storage, land & over sea transport and utilization of hydrogen via gas turbines, as the final link.

For the analysis of this hydrogen quality, a laboratory was set up at ZBT and established as one of three European laboratories. In parallel, a system for sampling at hydrogen refuelling stations was developed, CE certified and tested. These developments are supported by the CEP and H2Mobility.

A major challenge for the hydrogen is its low volumetric energy density, which makes using it at very high pressures and with very large volumes a necessity to overcome this challenge. The compression is the tool we achieve this, and why the compressors are the only key equipment that sits everywhere across the hydrogen value chain. This makes the compression a key element across the Hydrogen Value Chain and plays a role in reducing the levelized cost of hydrogen and enable the hydrogen economy.

Realising an affordable energy transition in which sufficient energy supply is secured, is one of the key challenges of our generation. In a world where most energy comes from solar and wind we face misalignment between supply and demand. In addition to that we also need to decarbonize hard-to-abate sectors such as industry and heavy transport. A Battolyser can store electricity from renewable power and produce hydrogen. This opens the door for new business models in which we help balancing the grid and produce green hydrogen at the lowest cost. Imagine… always clean energy.

Hydrogen is a versatile energy carrier and its applications today range across a number of industries such as oil refining, ammonia and steel production. This allows us to leverage existing assets and infrastructure to scale up the hydrogen economy by combining a range of new technologies enabling the basis for regional hydrogen hubs.

In order to enable security of supply of hydrogen to the market, an extensive transport network and connected large scale storage for hydrogen is required. Connecting the retrofitted gas networks of The Netherlands and West Germany will enlarge the capacity for transport and connect the main production and future import centres for hydrogen near shore with the main industrial clusters in demand for hydrogen. TNO has analyzed together with FZ Julich and DENA how such a cross-border hydrogen network could be developed and how much import and storage capacity for hydrogen is required until 2050. The results of this HY3 study (www.hy3.eu) will be presented.

Operators of FC bus or truck fleets are dependent on highest reliability of hydrogen supply as well as flexible expansion options, and they appreciate supply of all related services. The county of Düren / Germany has decided to introduce buses and trains powered by Clean Hydrogen into the local public transport environment. The presentation demonstrates meeting these targets by implementation of an on-site hydrogen production plant and optimal use of all co-products. As a result, product quality, efficiency and reliability at maximum cost efficiency is achieved for public transport based on Clean Hydrogen.

In this presentation, we will discuss the key design targets as well as main architecture trade-off to be made that will enable the technology to be the most adequate for long haul trucks with high autonomy needs.

The session will describe opportunities for gas networks to repurpose to blended and 100% hydrogen, the associated technical and economic issues, the key pilot projects, and the need for focused policies to ensure that hydrogen pipeline networks can realise their full potential.

How does hydrogen storage, transportation and mobile refueling work? Our presentation will explain the state of the art in hydrogen distribution with trucks, railways and even ships.

Central cooling systems for large-scale green hydrogen production can be based on wet or dry cooling. But there also exist hybrid solutions. What are the design considerations to go for completely dry or wet cooling? When would it be better to take adiabatic cooling? Of course project location and associated ambient conditions play a role. But that is not the complete answer. Different project drivers can lead to different choices. In this presentation Kelvion Thermal Solutions will show some rules of thumb that give some direction in these complex questions.

Hydrogen ecosystem requires multiple partners across the energy industry, the control systems within each hub will have a different range of systems from many vendors, as well as a wide range of functionalities and communication protocols.

Many EU based funding programmes are available to support hydrogen technology research, innovation and deployment. This presentation will provide an overview of several programme such as the H2020 Green Deal Call, Horizon Europe instruments and partnerships, the Innovation Fund, the LIFE programme and Member State managed programmes such as ERDF.

Ports are part of a wide-reaching energy and human ecosystem and the transition to net-zero impacts on both. This presentation will provide a short overview of several real-life projects from ports around the world. The typical challenges that ports are facing when transitioning to a net zero future include the upskilling of workforces, the role of hydrogen in the energy transition, relations between the need for energy and selection of the right energy carrier, and the impact of policy on decision making processes. We will finish with a few examples of the deployment of hydrogen into various size vessels and how bespoke engineering can help accelerate industry transition to net zero.

To achieve objectives and reach net zero affordable hydrogen transport is fundamental, with a huge opportunity for the oil and gas sector to support the development of the hydrogen economy by repurposing existing infrastructure. The Hydrogen Backbone Link project aims to connect Scotland to the European Hydrogen Backbone to create export opportunities for Green H2 and H2 technologies. This will support the development of a pan-European hydrogen infrastructure, creating export capability by repurposing and optimising existing pipeline infrastructure and developing complementary options such as marine transport by ship. The project will consider how a hydrogen pipeline network could be established between proposed energy hubs and existing national grid infrastructure linking ports and other infrastructure. The outcomes will help provide an insight to the technologies required for potential repurposing and operational technologies. Phase 1 of the project has started and will identify options for export methods and all associated infrastructure and systems required including existing and new technologies.

In this presentation, Storengy will give insight into current H2-infrastructure projects in different stages in Europe, including projects on building new or retrofitting existing salt caverns for 100% H2. Additionally, the ENGIE Group is planning the power-to-gas flagship project HyNetherlands in Eemshaven (NL), from which green hydrogen (GW scale) will be transported to the Bremen metropolitan region via retrofitted pipelines, which will be presented shortly.

Covering - The field of energy systems and drivetrain​, the impacts to hard and software​ and the flexible storage system (HyBat) for hydrogen solutions​.

The long-distance transport of liquid hydrogen remains challenging owing to a high energy penalty associated with liquification and extreme transport conditions. The use of ammonia (NH3) for hydrogen transport and storage offers a promising alternative supply route. The required infrastructure for inland logistics, such as ammonia barges, pipelines and storage facilities are mature technologies and are in commercial use worldwide (though not yet on the required scale). One use case for ammonia is its utilisation in gas turbines. Here, combustion of a partially cracked gas might be the favourable utilisation route, since the enrichment of NH3 with H2 improves flame characteristics and lowers NOx production. Another use case is the direct use of H2 involving the use of ammonia crackers, which thermally decompose the ammonia over a catalytically active surface in the temperature range 400–800 °C and at elevated pressures. This presentation will briefly explain these value chains and then focus on the challenges, opportunities and economics of ammonia utilisation (e.g. ammonia-to-power).

For the future hydrogen and power-to-X systems we will not need and be able to build all infrastructure from scratch. Previous power plant and industrial sites with existing grid infrastructure can be re-used. Existing biomass power generation can be combined with CCUS and H2 production to Power-to-X. Power-to-X can be a source of district heating when using excess heat for heat networks while producing fuel for mobility applications.

Technology has advanced to allow hydrogen to be produced, stored, moved, and used more safely and efficiently. The session will highlight how we might move towards large-scale green hydrogen use cases and the role measurement technologies play in driving greater efficiencies across the value chain.

The focus of the work is on researching and developing prototypes and technology concepts in order to be able to reliably supply highly urbanized regions with energy in the future. Through sector integration, new flexibilities can be created by hydrogen use. This assist to ensure people's mobility and the supply of electricity and heat as well as the provision of chemical precursors on renewable sources. How can hydrogen contribute to stabilize a renewable energy system? We are testing technologies to use i. e. fuel cell vehicles to support the future supply of electricity and heat to buildings, neighbourhoods and urban districts with a decentralized approach and to ensure it in times of low renewable energy generation. Additionally, the integration of hydrogen into the future energy system requires large-volume intermediate storage and buffering of the energy carrier. Underground salt storage facilities are ideally suited for this purpose. The technical design, operational management and infrastructural embedding are the subject of current research questions. Also, the hydrogen quality has to been proven for different application fields.

In the hydrogen industry, electrotechnical and automation products from Weidmüller are used by the members of the process chain – from generation, storage and supply to further processing. As a member of the value chain, the megatrends of industrialisation and digitalisation are supported, which are both crucial for the fast ramp-up of hydrogen industry. In the area of industrialisation, Weidmüller products and solutions support state-of-the-art production technologies, especially standardisation and modularisation of electrical installations, to increase hydrogen industry´s performance. As part of digitalisation, Weidmüller supports a successful, future-oriented value creation while reducing OPEX. To achieve this, solutions are offered for condition monitoring, predictive maintenance, hydrogen plant coordination and optimisation.

The hydrogen industry faces the challenge of combining climate policy and economic goals along the entire hydrogen value chain. From generation over transport to consumption, a large number of different process steps have to be implemented. Efficient automation of the individual process steps can make a decisive contribution to achieving these goals.

Given the rapid increase of hydrogen as energy carrier and fuel, the demand for stainless steel grades compliant with the hydrogen atmosphere is ditto growing. Alleima (former Sandvik Materials Technology) has several grades fulfilling the applicable standards within the area of concern, tested at a high hydrogen pressure at low temperature. The test was performed by SSRT and the result is based on ductility parameters and fracture surface evaluation.

As we see hydrogen move into a central component of many European energy strategies – part of which look at achieving more efficient, sustainable transport solutions – what is the most effective type of gas storage for a variety of mobility applications?

The production, storage and further processing of hydrogen will increase significantly in the coming years. Hydrogen is increasingly needed as an energy storage medium and as a raw material, e.g. for the production of synthetic hydrocarbons. Due to its chemical and physical properties, hydrogen places special demands on plant safety. With the Chartek product line, AkzoNobel has decades of experience in protecting offshore and onshore oil and gas production and processing facilities. In our presentation, we will report on experiences in these areas, show parallels as well as differences between protection systems for liquefied natural gas (LNG) and hydrogen and present approaches for the protection of hydrogen facilities.

Building a solid foundation for hydrogen to become the fuel of the future requires that automation technologies, collaborative engineering and partners with domain expertise work understand the hydrogen value chain, while using existing infrastructure to help accelerate hydrogen’s development as a pervasive, reliable energy source. The session will explore how we might validate the technologies needed to produce, transport, store and consume hydrogen.